نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران
چکیده
تعمق در دنیای شگفت انگیز کودکان چهار، پنج وشش ساله که ماهرانه وکاملا مجدانه زبان را برای اهداف بیشماری بکار میبرند همواره برای محققین فراگیری زبان اول مورد توجه بوده است. این تحقیق تلاشی برای آشکا ر کردن برخی از ویژگیهای ناروانی گفتاری معمولی زبان کودکان سنین پیش دبستانی می باشد. ناروانی گفتاری معمولی، اصولا در زمان رشد زبانی شتاب یافته اتفاق می افتد (Guitar, 2013) و بر خلاف لکنت زبان که یک حالت پاتولوژیک می باشد موقتی است. در طی سالها، محققین ناروانی گفتاری کودکان معمولی را به منظور درک بهتر رفتارهای زبانی کودکان بررسی کرده اند. اما بیشتر این تحقیقات بر روی ناروانی گفتاری کودکان انگلیسی زبان از فرهنگ های انگلیسی-اروپایی، افریقایی-امریکایی، پرتغالی، اسپانیایی انجام شده است. بررسی ادبیات نشان داد که اطلاعات کافی در زمینه ناتوانی گفتاری معمولی در کودکان فارسی زبان وجود ندارد. بنابر این هدف این مطالعه توصیف ناتوانی گفتاری کودکان پیش دبستانی فارسی زبان ایرانی بوده است. این مطالعه در یک مهد کودک در شهر تهران انجام گرفته است. برای اهداف این مطالعه از کلاس هر رده سنی ۶ کودک (۳ پسر و۳ دختر) به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. نمونه هایی از گفتار آنان ثبت، با دقت بازنویسی ومورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفت. مقایسه ای بین سه گروه سنی تا جایی که مقوله های درون ذهن مورد نظر است (سخن فی البداهه، توصیف، توضیح، تفسیر وداستان سرایی) صورت گرفت. علاوه برآن، در هر رده ای ماهیت ناروانی گفتاری (تکرار، سکوت ویا پر کننده) وهدف از بکار بردن آن (برنامه ریزی، باز سازی یا جایگزینی) مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت.
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