نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه تهران
2 استادیار آکادمی فیلم نیویورک، امریکا
چکیده
به منظور کسب درک عمیق تری از اجرا و فرایند ارزشیابی پویا در فراگیری زبان دوم، در مطالعه ی حاضر با استفاده از روش فرا-تحلیل کیفی تعدادی نشانه ی گویا و زمینه های مرتبط با کاربرد عملی ارزشیابی پویا و همچنین نگرش فلسفی مرتبط با آن به دست آمد. استنباط های کلی که بر پایه مرور نظاممند ۴۰ مقاله ی معتبر داوری شده، که دارای معیارهای از قبل تعیین شده برای انتخاب و قرارگرفتن در این مطالعه بود، نشان داد دو زمینه ی اصلی و دو زمینه ی فرعی در بین آنها مشترک است. با توجه به بررسی دقیق کارکرد دوگانه ی ارزشیابی پویا، هم از نقطه نظر بازشناسی و هم از دیدگاه رشد توانایی های فراگیران زبان و نیز تبیین اینکه چگونه ارزشیابی پویا با ارزشیابی ضمن تحصیل و سنجش پلکانی متفاوت اند، دو زمینه ی اصلی بیانگر مشترکات شناسایی شده در ۴۰ مقاله ی مورد مطالعه از منظر ارزشیابی پویا بود. دو زمینه ی فرعی با استفاده از ارزشیابی پویا به عنوان ابزار ارزشیابی که متضمن رعایت انصاف در آموزش است و همچنین این که چگونه ارزشیابی پویا در راستای دیدگاه های تجربه محور و عملگرایانه قرار می گیرد، دید تازه ای به ماهیت ارزشیابی پویا می دهد. بنابراین، زمینه های اصلی به دست آمده می تواند روشنگر ابعاد دیگر بهره گیری از ارزشیابی پویا در آموزش زبان و همچنین محورهای اصلی کاربرد عملی آن باشد و زمینه های فرعی نیز میتواند بازنمای مسیر انصاف، اعتبار سنجی، روایی و تعمیم پذیری در ارزشیابی پویا باشد.
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