نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه قم

2 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد آموزش زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه قم

چکیده

در این مطالعه، کنش کلامی قدردانی در اینستاگرام به عنوان یکی از مشهورترین شبکه­ های اجتماعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این مقاله به بررسی استفاده از استراتژی های قدردانی کاربران انگلیسی و فارسی در زمینه­ ی استفاده از استراتژی های ادب ورزی، تشدید کننده­ ها، حروف ندا و تفاوت­ های جنسیتی پرداخته است. برای این منظور، دویست پست انگلیسی همراه با دویست پست فارسی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر خلاف یافته­ های قبلی که نشان ­دهنده­ ی عملکرد متفاوت زبان آموزان انگلیسی و فارسی در شرایط واقعی بود، نتایج این مطالعه پس از انجام آزمون­ های آماری خی دو، تفاوت معنی­ داری میان کاربران انگلیسی و فارسی در استفاده از استراتژی های ادب ورزی، تشدید کننده­ ها و حروف ندا نشان نداد. با توجه به تفاوت جنسیتی که استفاده از دو راهکار قدردانی و استراتژی ­های ادب ­ورزی برای هر زبان را در نظر گرفت، هیچ تفاوت قابل­ توجهی میان کاربران زن و مرد در اینستاگرام مشاهده نشد. این یافته ممکن است ظهور ژانر جدیدی از زبان متعلق به شبکه ­های اجتماعی به طور کلی و به ویژه اینستاگرام را نشان دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Alcón-Soler, E. (2017). Pragmatic development during study abroad: An analysis of Spanish teenagers’ request strategies in English emails. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 37, 77-92. doi:10.1017/S0267190517000125
Ameka, F. (1992). Interjections: The universal yet neglected part of speech. Journal of Pragmatics18(2-3), 101-118. doi:doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(92)90048-G
Androutsopoulos, J. (2006). Introduction: Sociolinguistics and computer-mediated communication. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 10(4), 419-438. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9841.2006.00286.x
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Griffin, R. (2005). L2 pragmatic awareness: Evidence from ESL classroom. System, 33(3), 401-415. doi:10.1016/j.system.2005.06.004
Baron, N. S. (1984). Computer mediated communication as a force in language change. Visible Language18(2), 118-141.
Blum-Kulka, S., & Olshtain, E. (1986). Too many words: Length of utterances and pragmatic failure. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 8(2), 165-179.doi:10.1017/S0272263100006069
Brody, L. R. (1997). Gender and emotion: Beyond stereotypes. Journal of Social Issues, 53(2), 369-394. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02448.x
Brown, P. (1990). Gender, politeness, and confrontation in Tenejapa. Discourse Processes13(1), 123-141. doi:10.1080/01638539009544749
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. England: Cambridge University Press.
Collot, M., & Belmore, N. (1996). Electronic language: A new variety of English. In Susan C. Herring (Ed.), Computer-mediated communication: Linguistic, social, and cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 13-28). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamins.
Chapelle, C. A. (2003). English language learning and technology: Lectures on applied linguistics in the age of information and communication technology. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamins.
Cheng, S. (2005). An exploratory cross-sectional study of interlanguage pragmatic development of expressions of gratitude by Chinese learners of English (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA. Retrieved from: https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1289&context=etd
Crocco, M. S., Cramer, J., & Meier, E. (2008). (Never) Mind the gap! Gender equity in social studies research on technology in the twenty-first century. Multicultural Education & Technology Journal2(1), 19-36. doi:10.1108/17504970810867133
Crystal, D. (2006). Language and the Internet (2nd ed.). England: Cambridge University Press.
Dynel, M. (2015). The landscape of impoliteness research. Journal of Politeness Research11(2), 329-354. doi:10.1515/pr-2015-0013
Ellis, R. (2004). Individual differences in second language learning. In A. Davis & C. Elder (Eds.), The handbook of applied linguistics (pp. 525-551). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Ellis, R. (2008). The study of second language acquisition. England: Oxford University Press.
Fogel, J., & Nehmad, E. (2009). Internet social network communities: Risk taking, trust, and privacy concerns. Computers in Human Behavior25(1), 153-160.doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.08.006
Froh, J., Yurkewicz, C., & Kashdan, T. (2008). Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences. Journal of Adolescence32(3), 633-650. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.06.006
Gladkova, A., Vanhatalo, U., & Goddard, C. (2016). The semantics of interjections: An experimental study with natural semantic metalanguage. Applied Psycholinguistics37(4), 841-865. doi:10.1017/S0142716415000260
Guiller, J., & Durndell, A. (2007). Students’ linguistic behaviour in online discussion groups: Does gender matter? Computers in Human Behavior23(5), 1-16.doi:10.1016/j.chb.2006.03.004
Herring, S. (2000). Gender differences in CMC: Findings and implications. Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility Journal18(1), 1-9. Retrieved from http://cpsr.org/issues/womenintech/herring/
Herring, S. (2015). Language and the Internet. In W. Donsbach (Ed.), The concise encyclopedia of communication (pp. 322-323). Oxford, England: Wiley-Blackwell.
Herring, S., & Stoerger, S. (2014). Gender and (a)nonymity in computer-mediated communication. In S. Ehrlich, M. Meyerhoff, & J. Holmes (Eds.), The handbook of language, gender, and sexuality (pp. 567-586). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell Publishing.
Hong, W. (2008). Effects of cultural background of college students on apology strategies. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 189, 149-163.
Hu, Y., Talamadupula, K., & Kambhampati, S. (2013). Dude, srsly?: The surprisingly formal nature of Twitter's language. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM), USA, 244-253.
Huffaker, D., & Calvert, S. (2005). Gender, identity, and language use in teenage blogs. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication10(2). Retrieved from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00238.x/full
Ito, R., & Tagliamonte, S. (2003). Well weird, right dodgy, very strange, really cool: Layering and recycling in English intensifiers. Language in Society32(2), 257-279. doi:10.1017/S0047404503322055
Jahangard, A., Khanlarzade, N., & Latifi, A. (2016). Do Iranians and Americans congratulate their friends differently on their birthdays on Facebook? A case for intercultural studies. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 8(18), 123-143.
Jovanović, V. (2004). The form, position and meaning of interjections in English. Linguistics and Literature, 3(1), 17-28.
Kaplan, R. (1966). Cultural thought patterns in inter‐cultural education. Language Learning16(1-2), 1-20. doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1966.tb00804.x
Lakoff, R. (1989). The limits of politeness: Therapeutic and courtroom discourse. Multilingual Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication, 8(2-3), 101-130.
Lee, C., & Chau, D. (2018). Language as pride, love, and hate: Archiving emotions through multilingual Instagram hashtags. Discourse, Context, & Media, 22(2), 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2017.06.002
Ma, R. (1996). Computer-mediated conversations as a new dimension of intercultural communication between East Asian and North American college students. In Susan C. Herring (Ed.), Computer-mediated communication: Linguistic, social, and cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 173-185). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing.
Morady Moghaddam, M. (2012). Discourse structures of condolence speech act. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning4(10), 105-125.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1982). A university grammar of English. Harlow, England: Longman.
Rhee, S. (2016). On the emergence of the stance-marking function of English adverbs: A case of intensifiersLinguistic Research33(3), 395-436. doi:10.17250/khisli.33.3.201612.003
Rice, L., & Markey, P. (2009). The role of extraversion and neuroticism in influencing anxiety following computer-mediated interactions. Personality and Individual Differences46(1), 35-39. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.022
Sahragard, R. (2003). A cultural script analysis of a politeness feature in Persian. Proceedings of the 8th Conference of Pan-pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, Okayama, Japan, 399-423.
Schachter, P., & Shopen, T. (2007). Parts-of-speech systems. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language typology and syntactic description (pp. 3-61). England: Cambridge University Press.
Stockwell, G., & Harrington, M. (2003). The incidental development of L2 proficiency in NS-NNS email interactions. CALICO Journal, 20(2), 337-359. doi:10.1558/cj.v20i2.337-359
Vahidyan Kamkar, T. (1995). Persian dictionary of interjections. Mashhad, Iran: Mashhad University Publishing.
Ye, Z., Hashim, N., Baghirov, F., & Murphy, J. (2017). Gender differences in Instagram hashtag use. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(4), 1-41. doi:10.1080/19368623.2018.1382415
Yoosefvand, A., & Eslami Rasekh, A. (2014). A comparative study of gratitude speech act between Persian and English speakers. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 1(2), 44-61.
Yum, J. (1988). The impact of Confucianism on interpersonal relationships and communication Patterns in East Asia. Communications Monographs55(4), 374-388. doi:10.1080/03637758809376178
Zhao, Y., & Throssell, P. (2011). Speech act theory and its application to EFL teaching in China. The International Journal-Language Society and Culture, 32(32), 88-95.