نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری آموزش زبان انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ زبان‌ها و ارتباطات نوین، دانشگاه پوترا، پوترا، مالزی

چکیده

یکی از دغدغه‌های اصلی بسیاری از ملت‌ها در حاشیه ‌قرار گرفتن زبان‌ آنها ا‌ست. عوامل بسیاری می‌تواند زبان‌های بومی را درمعرض‌خطر قراردهد ازجمله، جهانی‌شدن، اهداف سلطه‌طلبانه مانند استعمارگری و فقدان برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست‌ مناسب زبانی درسطح ملی و بین‌المللی. پژوهش حاضر، جستاری قوم‌نگارانه است برای بررسی وضعیت زبان فارسی درمقایسه با زبان انگلیسی در میان جامعه‌ای از هندیان مقیم ایران. داده‌های این پژوهش کیفی ازطریق مصاحبه‌های شبه‌ساختارمند با هجده‌ نفر از معلمان و والدین دانش‌آموزان مدرسۀ سفارت هند در تهران، انجام مشاهدات میدانی یک‌ساله در این مدرسه، یادداشت‌برداری با جزئیات دقیق و بررسی کلیِ منابع آموزشی فارسی و انگلیسی این مدرسه جمع‌آوری ‌شد. تحلیل موضوعی داده‌ها حاکی ‌از آن بود که زبان انگلیسی بالاترین جایگاه زبانی را در میان اعضای این جامعه دارد. این در حالی‌ است ‌که از‌ یک ‌سو اعضای این جامعه، برای رفع نیازهای آموزشی و ارتباطی خود در مدت اقامت در ایران به زبان فارسی نیاز مبرم دارند و از سوی دیگر، قانون مدارس اتباع خارجی ایران آموزش باکیفیت زبان فارسی و نظارت بر حسن اجرای آن را در مدارس اتباع غیرایرانی الزام‌آور دانسته‌است. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که چگونه ذهنیت به‌جامانده از دورۀ پسااستعمار و سیطرۀ زبان انگلیسی به‌شیوۀ نواستعماری موجب بها دادن افراطی جامعۀ مورد مطالعه به این زبان گردیده و این امر به‌ همراه فقدان نظارت برنحوۀ اجرای سیاست‌های زبانی ایران و ضعف آموزش زبان فارسی موجب شده‌است که زبان فارسی در موطن خود به حاشیه رانده شود. 

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