نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زبان انگلیسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
2 استادیار گروه زبان انگلیسی، واحد مراغه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مراغه، ایران.
3 استادیار گروه زبان انگلیسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر، با الهام از نظریههای بلاغت بینافرهنگی و تمایزهایشان میان فرهنگهای کوچک و بزرگ، کوشید تا بررسی کند که آیا تکرارپذیری حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی در مقالههای انگلیسی علوم نرم به متغیرهای فرهنگی و بینارشتهای حساس است. به این منظور، ۶۰۰ مقاله پژوهشی انگلیسی، که نیمی از آنها به وسیلة نویسندگان ایرانی و نیمی دیگر توسط نویسندههای انگلیسیزبان در ۶ حوزة علم نرم نوشته شده، از 2006 تا 2018 چاپ شده بودند، انتخاب گردیدند. مدل حرکت ویسبرگ و بوکر (1990) به کار گرفته شد تا حرکتهای فراگیر اصلی در مقالههای پژوهشی مشخص گردد؛ سپس، فراوانیهای حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی در بخشهای مختلف مقالههای پژوهشی اندازهگیری شود. یافتههای تحلیل کمی دادهها نشان داد که کاربرد حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی با پیشینه فرهنگی نویسندگان مرتبط نبود. هر چند، برخی تفاوتها در پراکندگی حرکتهای تکرارپذیر در حوزهها و بخشهای مقالات پژوهشی یافت شدند. به این معنا که حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی تکراری، بیشترین فراوانی را در بخش بحث و کمترین فراوانی را در قسمت روش به دست دادند. افزون بر این، غالباً بیشترین میزان فراوانی در مقالههای پژوهشی رشته اقتصاد و کمترین آن در مقالههای پژوهشی رشته روانشناسی دیده شد که به قرادادهای خاصِ رشته نسبت داده شد. در مرحله کیفی پژوهش، استدلالهای برخی نویسندگان مقالههای پژوهشی برای بهرهگیری از حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی تکراری که با ایمیل به دست آمده بود، مورد تحلیل محتوایی قرار گرفت و سه دلیل رایجشان برای استفاده از حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی، از قبیل راهنمایی خواننده، قراردادهای حوزهای، و طول مقاله پژوهشی مشخص شد. یافتههای این پژوهش میتواند به عنوان راهنمایی برای طراحان دورة درسی به کار رود تا مواد خاصِ رشته برای کلاسهای نگارش انگلیسی با اهداف دانشگاهی که در آن ها حرکتهای متنی-کارکردی مورد تأکید قرار گرفتهاند، فراهم شود.
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