نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشآموختة کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشکده زبان و ادبیات خارجی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشکده زبانها و ادبیات خارجی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکده ادبیات فارسی و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر به بررسی رفتار پاسخ گویی و ادراک آزمون دهندگان، هنگام پاسخگویی به سؤالهای یک آزمون، از دیدگاه نظریه بار شناختی پرداخت. دادههای تجربی از ۶۰ دانشآموخته و دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زبان انگلیسی با سطح بالایی از مهارت زبان گردآوری شدند. شرکتکنندگان میبایست به ۶۰ سؤال زبان چندگزینهای (یعنی سؤالهای دستور زبان و واژگان)، که از آزمونهای سرنوشتساز ورودی دانشگاه ایران برای گرایشهای کارشناسی ارشد زبان انگلیسی گرفته شده بودند، به سریعترین و دقیقترین شکل ممکن پاسخ میدادند. پس از تکمیل هر سؤال، آنها درک خود را از نظر دشواری سؤالهای آزمون (برتفیش و همکاران، ۱۹۷۲) و میزان تلاش ذهنی (پاس، ۱۹۹۲) ارزیابی کردند. زمان پاسخگویی آنها به هر سؤال زبان و گزینههای انتخابی آنها نیز توسط نرم افزار سایکوپای ذخیره شد (پیرس و همکاران، ۲۰۱۹). یافتهها، با استفاده از همبستگیهای پیرسون و اسپیرمن رو، نشان دادند که زمان پاسخگویی با میزان تلاش ذهنی همبستگی مثبت قوی دارد، بدین معنا که هر دو مقیاس عینی و ذهنی بار شناختی از نظر حساسیت به تغییرات بار شناختی در سؤالهای آزمون زبان منطبق هستند. افزون بر این، مقیاسهای تلاش ذهنی ادراکشده و سطح دشواری ادراکشده نشان دادند که این دو شاخصهای درست ارزیابی تغییرات بار شناختی هستند. همان گونه که پیشبینی شده بود، زمان پاسخگویی نیز نشان داد که سؤالهای دشوارتر آزمون زبان، بار بیشتری را بر آزمون دهندگان تحمیل می کنند.
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