نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گناباد، گناباد، ایران.
چکیده
تاکنون، سه نظریه مهم به بررسیِ ماهیت و میزانِ نقصانِ دستوری، در بیماران زبان‌پریش پرداخته‌اند. از این منظر، در حالی‌که دو نظریة کنش-محور دستور پریشی، یعنی فرضیه آستانة کنشی و فرضیة نگاشتی، رویکردی بسیار کلی را در زمینة این نقص به کار می‌گیرند، فرضیه حذفِ رد، تبیینی بسیار موشکافانه در باب ماهیت و همچنین حوزه‌ای بودنِ مغز در پیش می‌گیرد. مقالة حاضر، به مثابه نخستین پژوهش در بافتِ فارسی، می‌کوشد تا کارایی نظریة مزبور را در چهار بیمار دستورپریشِ فارسی‌زبان که از جنبة جنسیت، تحصیلات و سن، با یک‌دیگر همتا شده بودند، را با همین تعداد گروه کنترل و پس از اجرای یک آزمون قضاوت دستوری به محک آزمون گذارد. به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد آزمودنی‌ها، 90 جفت جملة خوش‌ساخت و غیرِ خوش‌ساخت، به شکل تصادفی در اختیار آزمودنی‌ها قرار گرفت که بر مبنای آن، آزمودنی‌ها می‌بایست دیدگاه خویش را نسبت به دستوری بودن این جمله‌ها، در یک فعالیتِ قضاوت دستوری بیان کنند. انواع جمله‌های آزمون‌شدة این پژوهش، مشتمل بر جمله‌های عاملی، اسنادی مفعولی، اسنادی فاعلی، مجهول عاملی، مجهول روان‌شناختی و پرسش‌واژة محتوایی بودند. یافته‌ها، همسو با پیش‌بینی فرضیه حذف رد، نشان داد که بیماران دستورپریش، در ساختارهایی که در آن‌ها حرکت سازه‌ای مشاهده می‌شود، با چالش‌های زیادی روبه‌رو هستند. در مقابل، آن‌ها در ساختارهای عاملی، از درک مطلوبی برخوردار بودند. کاربردهای نظری و روان‌شناختی یافته‌ها مورد بحث قرار گرفت.
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