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داوران نشریه در سال 1399

لیست داوران 1400

داوران سال 1401

لیست داوران 1402

کاربرد زبان‌شناسی رایانشی برای پیش‌بینی سطحِ مهارت زبانیِ کتاب‌های درسی زبان‌آموزانِ فارسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، پژوهشکده زبان‌شناسی، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از زیرحوزه‌های ارزیابی مهارت زبانی، پیش‌بینی سطح مهارت زبانی است. این پژوهش به‌دنبال ارائۀ یک مدل زبان‌شناسی رایانشی برای پیش‌بینی سطح مهارت زبانی و کشف ویژگی‌های کلی این سطوح است. برای این هدف، نگارنده یک پیکرۀ زبانی از کتاب‌های درسی زبان‌آموزان فارسی گردآوری شده و ویژگی‌های زبان‌شناختی و آماری از این پیکرۀ متنی  برای آموزش سه دسته‌بند به‌‌عنوان یادگیرنده (زبان‌آموز) استخراج شده‌است. عملکرد مدل‌ها‌ بر مبنای الگوریتم یادگیری و مجموعۀ ویژگی‌هایی که برای آموزش مدل‌ها به ‌کار رفته‌است متفاوت است. برای ارزیابی مدل‌ها، چهار معیار اندازه‌گیری استاندارد به نام درستی، دقت، فراخوانی و معیار اف استفاده شده‌است. بر اساس یافته‌ها، هنگامی‌که ویژگی‌های آماریِ استخراج شده از متن خام، به کار گرفته شد، مدل ساخته‌شده توسط دسته‌بند جنگل تصادفی بهترین عملکرد مدل را به‌دست آورد. دسته‌بند ماشین بردار پشتیبان با استفاده از ویژگی‌های زبان‌شناختی استخراج‌شده از پیکرة نشانه‌گذاری‌شده به ‌صورت خودکار، بهترین عملکرد مدل را به‌دست آورد.  نتایج به‌دست‌آمده مشخص می‌کند که غنی‌سازی مدل و فراهم‌آوری اطلاعات مختلف، تضمین‌ نمی‌کند که یک دسته‌بند (زبان‌آموز) بهترین عملکرد مدل را به‌دست آورد. برای کشف روش‌شناختی آموزشی پنهان  در کتاب‌های درسی، عملکرد کلی دسته‌بندها با‌توجه ‌به سطح زبانی و دانش زبان‌شناختی به‌کاررفته برای ساخت مدل بررسی شد. براساس یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده، تعداد ویژگی‌های استخراج‌شده نقش به‌سزایی در آموزش یک دسته‌بند دارد. همچنین، بهترین عملکرد میانگین دسته‌بند‌ها از الگوهای دستوری در سطح مهارت زبانی الف (مبتدی)، به همة دانش زبان‌شناسی در سطوح ب (متوسط) و ج (پیشرفته) گسترش می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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Journal of Language Horizons
دوره 6، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 11
خرداد 1401
صفحه 29-52
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هم رسانی
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